Are compression garments?
Compression garments are special elastic clothing that creates graduated pressure (highest at the end of the limb and decreasing toward the center of the body). This pressure helps venous blood return to the heart and reduces swelling and vibration in the muscles during physical exertion.
Compression garments were invented for medical purposes (varicose veins, thrombosis prevention), but in recent decades they have become an integral part of professional sports. It is believed that compression garments can improve recovery after training.
🗂️ Types and Benefits of Compression Garments
Compression Socks / Calf Sleeves
The most popular type. They improve venous return from the calves and reduce swelling after running. They are especially recommended for runners, basketball players, and football players.
Compression Shorts / Thigh Sleeves
They cover the thighs and glutes. They reduce muscle vibration during running and improve proprioception. They are often used with compression socks for full leg coverage.
Compression Shirts
They improve posture and reduce vibration in the shoulder girdle muscles. They are useful for throwers, swimmers, and tennis players. Some models also have thermoregulatory properties.
Compression Sleeves
Compression of the elbows, wrists, or the entire arm. They help tennis players, basketball players, and weightlifters. They reduce swelling and improve joint stability.
📊 Comparison of Compression Levels
| Compression Level | Pressure (mmHg) | Purpose | Recommended |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light (8-15 mmHg) | 8-15 mmHg | Everyday wear, prevention | For long trips, sedentary work, light exercise |
| Moderate (15-20 mmHg) | 15-20 mmHg | For sport and recovery | For most athletes — the optimal balance between effect and comfort |
| High (20-30 mmHg) | 20-30 mmHg | For intense sport, after injuries | For professionals, competitions, postoperative period |
| Medical (30-40 mmHg) | 30-40 mmHg | For medical purposes | Only by doctor’s prescription — for venous diseases, thrombosis prevention |
📅 When and How to Wear Compression Garments?
To get maximum benefit, it is important to know when to wear them:
- During training: They reduce muscle vibration and improve proprioception (sense of body position). They may improve technique and reduce energy expenditure due to less vibration.
- After training / competition: Wear them for 2-6 hours after exercise. This speeds up venous return and reduces swelling and muscle soreness (DOMS).
- During sleep: It is not recommended to wear compression garments while sleeping, because the horizontal position already facilitates venous return, and additional compression may disturb sleep.
- During travel: An excellent choice for long trips by plane or bus. They reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis and leg swelling.
🛒 How to Choose the Right Compression Garments?
The correct size is critically important — too loose will not provide an effect, too tight may impair circulation:
| Criterion | What to Look For | Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Measure according to the manufacturer’s size chart (height, weight, limb circumference) | Better slightly looser than too tight |
| Material | Nylon + spandex (elastane) — the best combination | Avoid 100% cotton — not breathable |
| Seams | Flat seams to prevent skin chafing | Try them with and without underwear |
| Moisture management | Look for "moisture-wicking" properties | Sweat removal is especially important on hot days |
| Brand | 2XU, Skins, CEP, Nike Pro, Under Armour | Choose reliable manufacturers with sports certifications |
🙋 FAQ about compression clothing
Do compression garments really improve athletic performance?
There is evidence of mixed results for direct performance improvement. However, there is clear benefit for recovery after exertion and injury prevention. Some athletes report experiencing better proprioception and less fatigue.
How long can compression clothing be worn continuously?
For sports use — up to 6-8 hours per day. It is not recommended to sleep in compression clothing.
How to care for compression clothing?
Wash by hand or on a gentle cycle in cold water. Do not use fabric softeners — they destroy elastic properties. Do not dry in a dryer or on a radiator.